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In 1960 the city of Flint created a master plan to outline planning
projects needed to accommodate future growth. The picture it painted
for Flint was a rosy one; its population would grow to 250,000 and
GM would continue to be the driving force of the local economy. What
Flint’s civic leaders could not see was that the good times were
about to end.
By the beginning of the 1970’s
Flint was already facing some serious problems. White flight,
growing poverty and increasing crime rates were placing a heavy strain on
the city. Although Flint was not the only American city to face such
challenges it had a much larger one looming on the horizon. The
single industry it had depended on for its existence was about to
decline in a way few could have imagined. The oil embargo
of 1973, the economic depression of the 1970’s and globalization,
helped push GM to the breaking point. Facing mounting costs,
declining revenue’s and shrinking market value, GM would rapidly
shut down its Flint assembly plants over a 20 plus year span.
The effects of such grand job
cuts on a single industry town were compounded by racial and social
problems. As former workers left for greener
pastures entire neighbourhoods were abandoned. An already poor
housing stock was now left to rot as property values plummeted.
Flint’s tax base rapidly shrunk and as a result, many of the key
social services were cut. Poverty and crime spread across the region
like a wildfire as the desperation of those left behind increased.
For those unable to escape this urban anarchy all they could do was
lock the doors and watch the city continue into its hellish decline.
While other cities in the
same situation such as Gary, East St. Louis and Newark were ignored
by the media, Flint’s position was made famous by two events. The
first was the documentary “Roger and Me” which chronicled the spiral
of Flint’s decline caused by GM’s disinvestment in the city’s
factory. The second was the brutal assault of three white teenagers
in 1997 after they accidentally train hopped into Flint from
Highland Township. Both of these events attracted me to Flint to see
how bad this urban nightmare had become and how civic leaders have attempted to stem the decline and
revamp this ailing urban region.
I began my search
by heading to the downtown core. Although there were a number of
vacant buildings present, there were also a considerable
number of buildings under
renovation. Facades were brightened and cleaned,
and the streetscape had just been redone. There was also a
waterfront project underway and a new public meeting space. The
University of Michigan Flint is also doing its part to help
revitalize the northern downtown core…at least a block of buildings
on N. Saginaw St. have been renovated and now serve as
administrative offices and classes. Despite these efforts, the
downtown was still in critical condition.
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| Two of many vacant
downtown buildings. Notice how half of the skyscraper is a
parkade. |
One of the biggest
symptoms of this problem is the eight story Durant Hotel which has
sat vacant since 1970. To miss this mammoth red bricked building is
impossible, it sits at the intersection of two major arteries. Despite the fact that the ground floor
windows were boarded up entry was easy. Immediately upon entry I
knew that time has not been kind to the building; there was no
ceiling to be had in the kitchen and there appeared to be a number
of burn spots in rooms.
Coming out of the kitchen led me into a magnificent ballroom.
Although time had not been kind to this room as well, its peeling
gold wall paper and moldings were still making an impression on me.
Even more impressive than the ballroom was the front lobby. Grecian
columns held the crumbling ceiling above the debris strewn floor
while a fading white spindle guard lay along the second floor. Every
column and piece of wall had some sort of faded detail on it. To put
it frankly, the sight was simply breath taking.
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| The ballroom |
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| The main lobby |
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| Looking at the main
lobby from the second floor. |
Unfortunately the rest of the building was not very interesting with
a large majority of the rooms sitting empty and decaying.
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| A typical room. |
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| The view from the
roof |
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| One of the
cluttered hallways. |
After taking some landscape photo’s from the roof I headed down and
walked across the street to get some lunch. While waiting for my
order I asked the cashier which area’s I should avoid to keep out of
trouble. Her response was almost comical had she not been serious.
Her reply to my answer was simply to stay out of Flint altogether.
With my lunch in hand I thanked her for the advice and headed back
to my car.
Before I could reach my car I became side tracked by a front page
news article and as I read the headline a women asked me why I was
in Flint. The women had overheard me ask the cashier and had become
quite curious why a Canadian would visit Flint. I plainly told her
about my mission and she became quite interested and wanted to help
me out. With a pad of paper and a pen in her hand, she wrote down a
phone number to contact a person at the Mott Foundation. (For more
information about the Mott Foundation visit www.mott.org/) I was
told that this contact would be able to assist me in finding various
abandoned buildings throughout the city of Flint.
After thanking her I set out to face
a problem I encountered during my last trip to Michigan, finding a
pay phone that actually worked. Block after block, street corner
after street corner, my efforts were met with one broken phone after
another. It took nearly a half an hour but finally I found a
payphone that worked, albeit at the lowest audible volume possible.
With one hand in my ear and the other dialling the number I was
finally able to reach my contact. After some brief chit chat I
explained my situation and we began talking about buildings. While
Flint may not have many abandoned factories, it does have a number
of abandoned schools. With the rough directions on my map I began to
set out to find these schools.
There was one major problem
with the addresses, none of them were correct. Once again I was
forced to randomly drive around the city in the hopes that I would
come across the schools my contact had told me about. Eventually I
came across a large red bricked school that unfortunately had a more
interesting exterior than interior. The only redeeming value of the
building was the gorgeous woodworking found throughout the building.
But even this had been altered in the form of carpeting over the
beautiful hardwood flooring. With nothing left to interest me I left
in search of greener pastures.
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| Some of the
beautiful woodwork. |
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| Curious George
inspects elementary sized showers. |
As I
continued to drive around I came across some bizarre patterns of
urban development. Within the vast tracts of urban decay were
isolated pockets of revitalization. It was a confusing sight to see
with the such change occurring over the width of an intersection.
Eventually I came across another red bricked school , though this
one was far larger than my previously explored school. Although
there were a number of elements made the school look vacant there
were also a number of elements that made the school look inhabited.
In conjunction with knowing that these signs were mostly ploys of
CPTED and asking local residents about the status of the school, I
parked my car and began to find a way in.
To gain entry I used a
Winnipeg technique and once inside I quickly searched for any motion
sensors. Finding none I stepped out of the small closet and began to
search the rooms. Each classroom had maps remaining and wood working
that would make people drool. The hallways had some lockers and
unlike many previous schools I had explored, they were still
standing in their original position. With nothing else to explore I
headed down to the second story.
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| All of the
classrooms looked extremely similar to this. |
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Unfortunately an old nemesis of
mine was waiting for me in the stairwell. As I came down the first
flight and began to come down the second I noticed a small red light
in the corner. Upon a quick inspection I found that the source of
the red light was the motion sensor I set off. Wasting little time I
hightailed it out of the building and drove off in my car.
As I continued on my search I
came across a church that showed some signs of neglect. Curious, I
drove around the building to further inspect it and came across a
man standing by the side entrance. Although I now knew that the
church was in use I wanted to talk to the man and find out some more
information about abandoned buildings and Flint itself.
It turns out the man
(whose name was Nik) was the pastor of the church and was quite
willing to talk with me about the struggles he and the city faces
and show me the interior of the church. He had a unique perspective
on the role of the church; not only did it have to serve the needs
of the soul, but it also needed to serve as a voice for the
community economically and politically. These three pillars are the
foundation for Nik’s master plan slated for the area adjacent to the
church.
Early on in his plan, the church is
already becoming the economic focus of the neighbourhood. With the
church’s beautiful oak interior restored, weddings and receptions
are now being held with local residents employed in the kitchen and
in the dining room. But this is just the start; where vacant fields
grow and houses rot, a green mixed use neighbourhood will soon
emerge. The original red bricked streets which have been paved over
will once again see the light and wind turbines will stand where
Buick City once did. The grinding poverty and hopelessness that have
suffocated the area will be eradicated as new life is breathed into
the neighbourhood and its residents.
As far fetched as Nik’s plan is, the
possibility of it succeeding is quite probable. The area under his
supervision have been designated as an Enterprise and Renaissance
Zone. Both designations give generous tax breaks to all private
residences and businesses within the zone for a 15 year period. The
most powerful force that will keep the plan going is Nik himself.
Time and time again grand plans have failed because its leader was
not able to keep the course. Nik however is committed not only to
his plan but to his flock and community. This solidarity is what
will ensure that his plan gets off the drawing board and onto the
red cobblestone streets.
It was nearly an hour later when I
said goodbye to Nik and Aaron and started on my way to Detroit. But
just as I was about to turn on the freeway I spotted a massive
vacant building just to the south of me. Without thinking I cranked
the wheel and turned in the direction of the building to do some
quick scouting. While it was on the grounds of an active GM engine
plant there was a large amount of space between the active section
and the vacant building…enough time for me to make a quick escape
should trouble arise.
After scaling the fence I entered
through an open door and to my disappointment found that the
warehouse was full of random but boring objects. With nothing to
take pictures of I hopped back over the fence and headed south
towards Motown.
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| The courtyard of an
abandoned pool |
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| Basketball courts
from the now vacant school in the background. |
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| An abandoned plaza. |
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One of the things I did not notice as much on my last trip was the
vast amount of urban sprawl surrounding Detroit. For almost 30 miles
from the Detroit city limit low density dwellings spread out across
the Michigan plains. It really is no wonder why the city of Detroit
is as decayed as it is, particularly when you see the enormous
Chrysler headquarters just outside of Pontiac and the large
manufacturing plants scattered throughout the edge cities. In a slow
growth region such as this, sprawl is the enemy for any city in the
region.
Before calling it a night I felt that a downtown foray was in order.
I hopped in the car and began to travel south towards Detroit.
Despite the fact that there are no architectural or urban layout
differences between the cities of Warren and Detroit, it becomes
painfully clear when the change has occurred. The most obvious signs
are the boarded up houses which at first are scattered and then
quickly become clustered. As the progression continues the boarded
up homes disappear and are replaced with overgrown fields and empty
streets. For these areas, the cruel fate of white flight,
de-industrialization and sprawl have taken their most devastating
toll; they have simply reached the “end of the line”.
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| Who abandons a
boat? (Note: these pictures were taken the next day) |
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| More vast
tracts of former neighbourhoods |
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| "Insert your
typical beauty in the ruins quote here." |
In comparison to its surroundings,
the downtown is actually beginning to turn around. Numerous
buildings had renovation signs on them and many of the major streets
had intensive street scaping. There was still one thing missing from
this picture, people. Even at 8:00 in the evening one could fire a
gun and not hit a single pedestrian. While this was a bad thing for
urbanism it was great for trespassing.
After sizing up a
large target I found an absurdly easy entry and began my way to top.
Like many abandoned skyscrapers, the majority of the rooms in the
building were void of anything interesting. While there were a few
exceptions such as the recording studio filled with 80’s Billboard
Magazines, a dance studio and a room filled with depression poetry
the majority of the building bored me.
With the sun
setting I increased my pace up the endless flights of stairs so that
I would be able to get a landscape photo in the twilight of the
evening sky. After much running I eventually reached the roof and
became enamoured with the spectacular view before me. As I stood 34
stories above the street and watched the sun set below the horizon I
said to myself that Megan would love this view. Then in my moment of
clarity I realized what I had been missing on this trip, the company
of my dear friend. In that moment Pink Floyd’s “Wish You Were Here”
came on my MP3 player and perfectly fit my mood high above the
deserted streets. Although I felt a shade of sadness I had to
chuckle when I remembered how much she hated walking up one flight
of stairs, never mind 68 flights.
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| Wish you were here
Eadie. |
After listening to the song a couple of more times and exploring the
mechanical rooms I headed back to the hotel room to try and get some
sleep before another day of exploring came to fruition. \
Index
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